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FAA
Detta är en sammanställning av vad jag kunde hitta relevant för frågan. Gärna göra korrigeringar om jag saknade någonting (jag är en EASA FCL-kille)
Sammanställning av landningsvaluta:
- Del 61: 3 start / landning under föregående 12 månader (61.55)
- Del 135: Inga andra krav än de i del 61 (ovan)
- Del 121: 3 start / landning under tidigare 90 dagar (121.439)
Instrumentvaluta för pilot:
- Del 61: Inga krav på SIC
- Del 135: 135.245 kräver att SIC: s måste uppfylla del 61 PIC-instrumentets valutakrav i 61.57 (c) (se nedan)
- Del 121: återkommande flygträning var 12: e månad, inklusive minst 1 ILS-tillvägagångssätt för minimikrav
Följande är listan över relevanta FAR:
§ 61.55 Avancerade kvalifikationer
(b) Except as provided in paragraph (d) of this section, no person may serve as a second in
command of an aircraft type certificated for more than one required
pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring a second in command
unless that person has within the previous 12 calendar months:
(2)
Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, performed and
logged pilot time in the type of aircraft or in a flight simulator
that represents the type of aircraft for which second-in-command
privileges are requested, which includes --
(i) Three takeoffs and
three landings to a full stop as the sole manipulator of the flight
controls;
(d) This section does not apply to a person who is:[...operating part
121,125,135...]
(e) The holder of a commercial or airline transport
pilot certificate with the appropriate category and class rating is
not required to meet the requirements of paragraph (b)(2) of this
section, provided the pilot: [... is not carrying paying
passengers...]
§ 61.57 Nyare flygupplevelse: Pilot i kommando.
(a) General experience.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may
act as a pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers or of an
aircraft certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember unless
that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within
the preceding 90 days, [...]
(c) Instrument experience.
Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act
as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the
minimums prescribed for VFR, unless within the preceding 6 calendar
months, that person has: [...6 approaches, holdings, intercepting
&tracking course...]
§ 135.245 Andra kommandokvalifikationer
(a) [...] no certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as second in command of an aircraft unless that person holds at
least a commercial pilot certificate with appropriate category and
class ratings and an instrument rating. For flight under IFR, that
person must meet the recent instrument experience requirements of part
61 of this chapter.
Detta är ett utdrag från en FAA Legal Interpretation angående 135.245:
Next, unlike a PIC, an SIC's qualification to operate an aircraft
under IFR in part 135 service is not dependent on compliance with §
135.297. Rather, § 135.245 sets the qualifications for pilots serving as SIC in part 135 operations. It states that a pilot must meet the
instrument experience requirements of part 61 to serve as SIC in
flight under IFR. Section 61.57(c) sets out the recent instrument
flight experience requirements which include, among other things, six
instrument approaches within the previous six months. See Legal
Interpretation to Gerald Naekel, from Donald P. Byrne, Assistant Chief
Counsel Regulations and Enforcement Division (June 18, 1991) (noting
that although the section title refers to pilots in command, the
instrument recency requirements of that section apply to SICs).
§ 135.247 Pilotkvalifikationer: Senaste erfarenhet.
(a) No certificate holder may use any person, nor may any person
serve, as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers unless,
within the preceding 90 days, that person has—
(1) Made three takeoffs and three landings as the sole manipulator of
the flight controls in an aircraft of the same category and class and,
if a type rating is required, of the same type in which that person is
to serve; or [...]
§ Del 121.433 Utbildning krävs
(c)Recurrent training. (1) No certificate holder may use any person
nor may any person serve as a required crewmember on an airplane
unless, within the preceding 12 calendar months -- (i) For flight
crewmembers, he has satisfactorily completed recurrent ground and
flight training for that airplane and crewmember position and a flight
check as applicable;
§ Del 121.439 Pilotkvalifikationer: Senaste erfarenhet.
(a) No certificate holder may use any person nor may any person serve
as a required pilot flight crewmember, unless within the preceding 90
days, that person has made at least three takeoffs and landings in the
type airplane in which that person is to serve.
EASA
FCL är mycket tydlig om det: PIC och medpilot måste båda landa nuvarande. Om du har en IR-klassificering krävs inte särskild nattvaluta. Ingen instrumentvaluta krävs så länge IR är giltig.
FCL.060 Senaste erfarenhet
(b) Aeroplanes, helicopters, powered-lift, airships and sailplanes. A
pilot shall not operate an aircraft in commercial air transport or
carrying passengers:
(1) as PIC or co-pilot unless he/she has carried out, in the preceding
90 days, at least 3 take-offs, approaches and landings in an aircraft
of the same type or class or an FFS representing that type or class.
The 3 take-offs and landings shall be performed in either multi-pilot
or single-pilot operations, depending on the privileges held by the
pilot; and
(2) as PIC at night unless he/she:
(i) has carried out in the preceding 90 days at least 1 take-off,
approach and landing at night as a pilot flying in an aircraft of the
same type or class or an FFS representing that type or class; or
(ii) holds an IR;