Det finns många spöken på Arda
Begreppen "wraith", "wight" och "spöket" är något utbytbara. Åtminstone användes de inte konsekvent av Tolkien. Låt oss ignorera Ringwraiths, eftersom de verkar vara ett unikt fall av "inte döda eller levande", som är knutna till ringen.
Själar utan kroppar
Ett "spöke" på Arda skulle vara en feä ("själ") utan en hroä ("kropp"). Normalt skulle en feä inte bara roaming runt. I fallet med en Elf skulle det vara i Mandos Halls. Det är okänt där feä av män går.
Det är viktigt att veta att en gång en feä blir upphetsad, bara Mandos kallar den till sina salar. Sammankomsten kan vägras. Även om det var sällsynt när Melkor och Sauron var på Arda, verkar det ha blivit vanligare i denna "ålder av män":
But it would seem that in these after-days more and more of the Elves, be they of the Eldalie in origin or be they of other kinds, who linger in Middle-earth now refuse the summons of Mandos, and wander houseless in the world, unwilling to leave it and unable to inhabit it, haunting trees or springs or hidden places that once they knew.
The History of Middle-earth Volume 10: Morgoth's Ring, The Later Quenta Silmarillion (II), p. 223
Hushållslösa och Lingerers
Det verkar finnas en skillnad mellan en Elf som "dör" och en som "bleknar":
On the one hand, the Houseless, rebels at least against the Rulers, and maybe even deeper under the Shadow; on the other, the Lingerers, whose bodily forms may no longer be seen by us mortals, or seen only dimly and fitfully. [...]
Moreover, the Lingerers are not houseless, though they may seem to be. They do not desire bodies, neither do they seek shelter, nor strive for mastery over body or mind.
The History of Middle-earth Volume 10: Morgoth's Ring, The Later Quenta Silmarillion (II), p. 224
Således skulle en Houseless vara en feä som vägrade kallelsen till Mandos Halls och en Tanger skulle en Elf som blev " skuggor och minnen ". Tangerare hänvisas också till i Silmarillion :
In after days, when because of the triumph of Morgoth Elves and Men became estranged, as be most wished, those of the Elven-race that lived still in Middle-earth waned and faded, and Men usurped the sunlight. Then the Quendi wandered in the lonely places of the great lands and the isles, and took to the moonlight and the starlight, and to the woods and caves, becoming as shadows and memories, save those who ever and anon set sail into the West and vanished from Middle-earth.
The Silmarillion, Of Men, p. 117
Kommunikation
Inte alla dessa spöken är fredliga:
Some are filled with bitterness, grievance, and envy. Some were enslaved by the Dark Lord and do his work still, though he himself is gone. They will not speak truth or wisdom. To call on them is folly. To attempt to master them and to make them servants of one own's will is wickedness. Such practices are of Morgoth; and the necromancers are of the host of Sauron his servant.
The History of Middle-earth Volume 10: Morgoth's Ring, The Later Quenta Silmarillion (II), p. 224
Att kommunicera med ett spöke är också farligt, eftersom vissa av dem söker desperat en ny kropp:
Some say that the Houseless desire bodies, though they are not willing to seek them lawfully by submission to the judgement of Mandos. The wicked among them will take bodies, if they can, unlawfully. The peril of communing with them is, therefore, not only the peril of being deluded by fantasies or lies: there is peril also of destruction.
ibid.
Se en unhoused feä
Finrod pratar om att se en feä i en diskussion med Andreth:
'Men say various things, be they Wise or no,' said Andreth. 'Many hold that there is but a single thing: the body, and that we are one of the beasts, though the latest come and the most cunning. But others hold that the body is not all, but contains some other thing. For often we speak of the body as a "house", or as "raiment", and that implies an indwelling, though of what we speak in uncertainty.
'Among my folk men speak mostly of the "breath" (or the "breath of life" ), and they say that if it leaves the house, it may by seeing eyes be seen as a wraith, a shadowy image of the living thing that was.'
'That is but a guess,' said Finrod, 'and long ago we said things similar, but we know now that the Indweller is not "breath" (which the hroä uses), and that seeing eyes cannot see one that is houseless, but that the living eyes may draw from the feä within an image which the houseless conveys to the housed: the memory of itself.'
The History of Middle-earth Volume 10: Morgoth's Ring, Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth, p. 352
Så det verkar som om du normalt inte ser en oförstörd feä om den inte ger en bild av sig själv till dig.
Gorlim
Det enda exemplet jag kunde hitta av ett "spöke" skulle vara Gorlim, som pratade med Beren i en dröm. Gorlim hade dödats av Sauron tidigare.
Then Beren was aware in his dream of a form that came to him across the water, and it was a wraith of Gorlim; and it spoke to him declaring his treachery and death, and bade him make haste to warn his father.
The Silmarillion, Of Beren and Lúthien, p. 191
Tolkien spenderade lite tid på "kommunikation av tanke" i Ósanwe-kenta , där han säger att en kombination av brådskande från avsändaren och passivitet i mottagaren skulle göra tanköverföring lättare:
Urgency is imparted by great need of the "sender" (as in joy, grief or fear); and if these things are in any degree shared by the "receiver" the thought is the clearer received. [...]
These causes may strengthen the thought to pass the veils and reach a recipient mind. But that mind must remain open, and at the least passive. If, being aware that it is addressed, it then closes, no urgency or affinity will enable the sender's thought to enter.
Ósanwe-kenta
När Beren sov och Gorlim ville varna honom för en överhängande attack, så låter det troligt. Även om Ósanwe-kenta bara pratar om inrymt feär , är det möjligt att Gorlims feä förblivit i Middle Earth tillräckligt länge för att kommunicera med Beren. Det kan också vara så att Gorlim var i Mandos Halls på den tiden, eftersom "avståndet i sig inte ger något hinder för [utbyte av tanke]".
I alla fall, även om det här är kommunikation med ett "spöke", kunde jag inte hitta några texter om ser en.