Första användningen av termen "warp" för att beteckna resa / hastighet?

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Jag har just tittat på Space Battleship Yamato (2010) och de använde termen "warp" för att beteckna en typ av enhet. Jag tror att Star Trek är den uppenbara platsen där den här termen först användes för att beskriva snabbare än ljusresor, var den här ursprungligen?

    
uppsättning Workin' class hero 16.08.2012 18:53

8 svar

20

Jag hittade en hänvisning till en " en interstellär rymd-warp-enhet " i Future science fiction: Volym 1, Issue 1, redigerad av Robert W. Lowndes. Det var i var antingen "Ingen såg skeppet" av Murray Leinster (min gissning) eller "The Miniature Menace" av Frank Belknap Long. Publiceringsdatumet var maj 1950 .

Förslag på aneroids , jag hade först gjort en Google Ngrams sökning för att komma till denna punkt. Om det finns en tidigare referens till "warp drive" eller "Warp drive" (helt möjligt), har den ännu inte skannats av Google böcker.

Redigera för att lägga till: För en mer berömd historia, kolla in det här utdraget från " Jag, Robot " (av Asimov), som också publicerades 1950:

"You get it, chief?" The general manager was wildly jubilant. "You get it? There isn't any industrial research group of any size that isn't trying to develop a space-warp engine, and Consolidate and U.S. Robots have the lead on the field with our super robot-brains." (p. 145)

(Den här hittades genom att söka efter "space warp" istället för "warp drive".)

Ytterligare redigering för att lägga till: Tydligen var frasen "rymdvarp" redan i bruk 1947, trots Google ngram, som dessa anteckningar från ett symposium föreslå:

The term "space warp" does not mean anything without elaborate explanation.

För en tidigare användning av FTL-resor som inte använder ordet varp, finns det Gray Lensman a>, skrivet 1939 av EE Smith. Han hänvisar till en " 5: e ordningsenhet " som kan "voyage var som helst i universum i miljontals gånger ljusets hastighet. "

Redigerad för att lägga till: Med tack till @ user14111 för att peka ut det i kommentarerna, finns det en ännu tidigare referens ( skrivet mellan 1915 och 1921 ) till FTL-resor, Skylark of Space , i vilken EE Smith skriver:

Hurtled onward by the inconceivable power of the unleashed copper demon in its center, the Skylark flew through the infinite reaches of interstellar space with an unthinkable, almost incalculable velocity—beside which the velocity of light was as that of a snail to that of a rifle bullet; a velocity augmented every second by a quantity almost double that of light itself.

Jag har inte läst hela historien ännu, men det är inte klart för mig om E. E. Smith var medveten om Einsteins speciella eller allmänna relativitetsteorier.

    
svaret ges 17.08.2012 12:04
14

spacewarp-enhet (n.) 1948

Såvitt webbplatsen Science Fiction Citations känner till, den tidigaste citatet för "warp drive" (faktiskt i formuläret "spacewarp drive") finns i 1948-novellen (senare utvidgad till en roman) Vilket galet universum , genom Fredric Brown . Citat från sidan 34 i den ursprungliga publikationen i Förtrollande historier , september 1948 (tillgängligt på Internetarkiv ):

Nineteen hundred and three. An American scientist at Harvard had discovered the spacewarp drive. Accidentally! Working on, of all things, his wife's sewing machine, which had been broken and discarded. He was trying to change it around so the treadle would run a tiny home-made generator to give him a high-frequency low-voltage current that he wanted to use in some class experiments in physics.

warp (v.) 1946

Enligt Science Fiction Citations webbplatsen, den tidigaste kända användningen av "warp" som ett verb > i betydelsen av rymdresor med snabbare än ljus finns i novell "Placet är en galen plats ", också av Fredric Brown. Följande citat är från s. 129 av sin ursprungliga publikation i Förvånande Science Fiction , maj 1946 (tillgängligt på Internetarkiv ):

Tomorrow the Ark would leave Earth, with the shipment of conditioner that would solve one of our problems—and with whomever Earth Center was sending to take my place. It would warp through space to a point a safe distance outside the Argyle I-II system and come in on rocket power from there. It would be here Friday, and I'd go back with it. But I tried not to think about that.

space-warp generator (n.) 1944

I Science Fiction Citations webbplatsens citat för "space warp" hittade jag den här som verkar vara från noveletten "Circle of Confusion" av George O. Smith (som "Wesley Long") i Förvånande science fiction , mars 1944 (tillgänglig på Internetarkiv ):

The alphatron is still in fine shape, and the space-warp generator can still do a job.

warp (v.) 1938

Ordet "warp" används som referens till rymdresor i 1938 noveletten " Män mot stjärnorna " av Manly Wade Wellman , först publicerad i Förvånande Science-fiction , juni 1938 (tillgängligt på Internetarkiv ). Citera från pp. 36-37 på Gnome Press antologi Män mot stjärnorna ( Martin Greenberg , red.):

"Sixty ships, Tallentyre. Sixty of 'em—and two hundred and forty-two men started from Earth. Fifty-six ships, and two hundred and twenty-two men reached Luna Port. Eighteen men lost on that little hop. Four ships blew their tubes—and that bloody six-man experiment first of all.

"But fifty-six ships landed, and we warped 'em off to Mars. And how many of those fifty-six got through?" His grating scream roared in the cubbyhole office and pounded through its flimsy metal door. Tallentyre's eyes moved toward the door.

DeWitt's roar dropped to a whisper as the man leaned abruptly forward, close to Tallentyre's moveless, sun-blackened face. "Four. Four got to Mars, my friend. The rest were pretty, red firecrackers in space."

Tyvärr tror jag inte att det här är den typ av "warp" vi letar efter. Wellmans rymdskepp hade inte rymdfarkoster; de var raketfartyg drivna med monatomiskt väte . Jag vet inte vad Wellman menade med "warp"; kanske använde han det i arkaisk mening av "kasta, kasta, flinga".

warp (v.) 1932

Ordet "warp" används i referens till interdimensional resor på Clifford D. Simak s 1932 novelette "Hellhounds of the Cosmos" , som visas i Förtrollande historier , juni 1932 ( tillgängligt på Internetarkiv ). Följande utdrag finns från Project Gutenberg etext :

"It is a matter of the proper utilization of two forces, electrical and gravitational," proudly explained Dr. White. "Those two forces, properly used, warp the third-dimensional into the fourth. A reverse process is used to return the object to the third. The principle of the machine is—"

The old man was about to launch into a lengthy discussion, but Henry interrupted him. A glance at his watch had shown him press time was drawing perilously close.

"Just a second," he said. "You propose to warp a third-dimensional being into a fourth dimension. How can a third-dimensional thing exist there? You said a short time ago that only a specified dimension could exist on one single plane."

[. . . .]

The light did not waver or sparkle. It did not glow. It seemed hard and brittle, like straight bars of force. The newspaperman, gazing with awe upon it, felt that terrific force was there. What had the old man said? Warp a third-dimensional being into another dimension! That would take force!

[. . . .]

In a line stood the men who were to fling themselves into the light to be warped into another dimension, there to seek out and fight an unknown enemy. The line was headed by a tall man with hands like hams, with a weather-beaten face and a wild mop of hair. Behind him stood a belligerent little cockney. Henry Woods stood fifth in line. They were a motley lot, adventurers every one of them, and some were obviously afraid as they stood before that column of light, with only a few seconds of the third dimension left to them. They had answered a weird advertisement, and had but a limited idea of what they were about to do. Grimly, though, they accepted it as a job, a bizarre job, but a job. They faced it as they had faced other equally dangerous, but less unusual, jobs.

[. . . .]

Then he knew. He was not alone. Here, in this one body were the bodies, the brains, the power, the spirit, of those other ninety-eight men. In the fourth dimension, all the millions of third-dimensional things were one. Perhaps that particular portion of the third dimension called the Earth had sprung from, or degenerated from, one single unit of a dissolving, worn-out fourth dimension. The third dimension, warped back to a higher plane, was automatically obeying the mystic laws of evolution by reforming in the shape of that old ancestor, unimaginably removed in time from the race he had begot. He was no longer Henry Woods, newspaperman; he was an entity that had given birth, in the dim ages when the Earth was born, to a third dimension. Nor was he alone. This body of his was composed of other sons of that ancient entity.

He felt himself grow, felt his body grow vaster, assume greater proportions, felt new vitality flow through him. It was the other men, the men who were flinging themselves into the column of light in the laboratory to be warped back to this plane, to be incorporated in his body.

    
svaret ges 25.09.2015 10:12
6

Bara poking runt Wikipedia finner jag att Heinleins Starship Troopers (från 1959) är krediterad med att använda frasen .

Det skulle inte överraska mig om det fanns mycket tidigare användningar i massamagasinet.

    
svaret ges 16.08.2012 20:07
5

Första användningen i filmer eller första gången någonsin? Geometrisk vridning används för "grundläggande lösningar av Einstein-fältekvationer" - som är baserade på "böjt utrymme". Inte säker när lösningarna hittades först men - Einstein : 1879-1955; Riemann : 1826-1866 (~ 1854); Lorentz : 1853-1928.

"Warping of Wood" som ett känt faktum är förmodligen hundratals eller tusentals år gammal. Så jag skulle lägga "warp" för att beteckna "resa" kring Einsteins tid.

För något mer konkret / bestämt: Alcubierre-driven - det är 1994.

En google böcker ngrams sökning kan få dig sin första någonsin användning.

    
svaret ges 17.08.2012 11:12
4

den här sidan av science fiction "firsts" finns det en inmatning för rymdvarp som citerar en historia från 1936, " Cometeers genom Jack Williamson , tillsammans med följande citat från historien:

"Every atom of ship load and crew was deflected infinitesimally from the space-time continuum of four dimensions, and thus freed of the ordinary limitations of acceleration and velocity, was driven around space, rather than through it, by a direct reaction against the space warp itself."

    
svaret ges 12.03.2016 21:39
3

Islands of Space av John W. Campbell, Jr. , 1930. (betona min)

"To move around near a heavy mass—in the presence of a strong gravitational field," Arcot said. "A gravitational field tends to warp space in such a way that the velocity of light is lower in its presence. Our drive tries to warp or strain space in the opposite manner. The two would simply cancel each other out and we'd waste a lot of power going nowhere. As a matter of fact, the gravitational field of the sun is so intense that we'll have to go out beyond the orbit of Pluto before we can use the space strain drive effectively."

Även P. Schuyler Miller i Astounding Science Fiction skrev om den här historien:

"Arcot, Wade, Morey, and their computer, Fuller, put together a ship which will travel faster than light ... they give us what may have been the first space-warp drive. The concept was simple; to make it plausible wasn't—unless you were John Campbell."

Hämtat från länk

    
svaret ges 05.07.2016 07:22
0

1942: Den tidigaste science-fictional space-warp-enheten som jag känner till finns på Ralph Milne Farley s novelette "Alan Whidden's odödlighet" , först publicerad i Fantastiska berättelser , februari 1942 :

Gravity, Einstein had explained as being merely a warping of space-time in the fifth and higher dimensions, in the vicinity of masses of matter. Alan Whidden himself had supplied the older scientist with the following two-dimensional analogy — Whidden was good at analogies. Stretch out a thin sheet of elastic rubber, Whidden had suggested, and place upon it a number of metal balls of various sizes and weights. Each ball, in proportion to its mass, will distort this two-dimensional rubber sheet into the third dimension, just as gravitating bodies distort our own four dimensional space-time into higher dimensions. The balls on the rubber sheet will roll together, just as masses gravitate together in our familiar space.

The idea now occurred to Whidden: "If I distort the rubber sheet by some other means than the metal balls, as by poking my finger into it, I will have thereby created an artificial gravity. If I move this distortion along, by running my finger along ahead of one of the balls, the ball will follow my finger. Why not then artificially distort space in advance of a space ship, and thereby pull the ship along after the distortion, at any desired speed? It will be like holding a carrot on a pole in front of a mule's nose, to induce him to move."

Whidden took a brief run over to Princeton and discussed the idea with Albert Einstein. The latter disagreed quite emphatically, but could not formulate the reasons for this disagreement. Being a true scientist, Einstein's ideas always developed first as pure hunches, and then required months of abstract research for their formulation, followed by years of observation and experiment for their verification.

But Alan Whidden could not wait for all this. His malady was piling up on him like figures on a taxi-meter. Being the same sort of true scientist as his mentor, he too plunged into a mathematical analysis of his hunch; and when he believe that he had deduced the correct formula for an artificial space-warp, he set about producing it in his laboratory, preferably by electricity.

He found the way. He built a small model space-ship. He was able to cause it to set up a disturbance ahead of it, which would make it gravitate in that direction, its tail held down by a piece of rope. Substituting a spring-balance for the rope, he was able to measure the force of the pull of this artificially induced gravity, and thus learn the law of its strength. Also he found out how to direct the pull in any direction around the little model — this would be useful in steering and stopping his full-sized ship when built.

Tyvärr är hans fullstora fartyg lite trådlöst, vilket gör att det inte kommer att röra sig i rymden alls, det går bara bakåt i tiden.

    
svaret ges 03.11.2016 10:45
-2

1931

John W. Campbells romerska romän skulle vara det första omnämnandet av varptrafik så det är 86 år

    
svaret ges 07.02.2017 05:12