När var fantasy tropen av psykologisk osynlighet först använd?

@eike verkar vara korrekt, att det första omnämnandet av psykologisk osynlighet finns på G.K. Chestertons nyhetsartikel " Den osynliga mannen ", publicerad 1911.

Det bygger på den uppfattningen att de människor som tilldelats för att titta på mördaren faktiskt såg honom, men ignorerades och kom inte ihåg honom eftersom han var så vanlig och obekväm.

When those four quite honest men said that no man had gone into the Mansions, they did not really mean that no man had gone into them. They meant no man whom they could suspect of being your man. A man did go into the house, and did come out of it, but they never noticed him."

"An invisible man?" inquired Angus, raising his red eyebrows. "A mentally invisible man," said Father Brown.

Det har också science fiction-element, nämligen "clockwork" servanter / automatiserade dockor:

"I use them in my own flat," said the little black-bearded man, laughing, "partly for advertisements, and partly for real convenience. Honestly, and all above board, those big clockwork dolls of mine do bring your coals or claret or a timetable quicker than any live servants I've ever known, if you know which knob to press. But I'll never deny, between ourselves, that such servants have their disadvantages, too."

Nästa kronolog som jag kan hitta är 1930-radion "The Shadow", som har makt att molna männens sinnen så att de inte ser honom. Detta debuterade 1931 och radioprogrammet 1937:

On September 26, 1937, The Shadow radio drama, a new radio series based on the character as created by Gibson for the pulp magazine, premiered with the story "The Death House Rescue," in which The Shadow was characterized as having "the power to cloud men's minds so they cannot see him." As in the magazine stories, The Shadow was not given the literal ability to become invisible.

Ursprungligen hänförd till hypnotism ändrades den till psykiska krafter under omskrivningen av berättelserna 1963:

In these novels, The Shadow is given psychic powers, including the radio character's ability "to cloud men's minds", so that he effectively became invisible; he is more of a spymaster than crime fighter in these updated eight novels.

En extern möjlighet är " The Horla ", av Guy du Maupassant , först publicerad 1885. I det är varelsen inte osynlig, i sig, men det är att det mänskliga ögat inte kan se det. Jag tvivlar på att detta verkligen kvalificerar, eftersom den berörda personen så småningom vet att varelsen är där men inte kan se den.

Om du letar efter något magiskt snarare än rent psykologiskt, var en tidig användning av Randall Garret i För många magiker , Analog , 1966 som "Tarnhelm Effect ":

"The Tarnhelm Effect?" asked Master Sean. He chuckled. "My lord, regardless of what the layman may think, the Tarnhelm Effect is extremely difficult to use in practice. Besides, 'invisibility' is a layman's term.

Spells using the Tarnhelm Effect are very similar in structure to the aversion spell you met at the door to this room. If a sorcerer were to cast such a spell about himself, your eyes would avoid looking directly at him. You wouldn't realize it yourself, but you would simply keep your eyes averted from him at all times.

He could stand in the middle of a crowd and no one could later swear that he was there because no one would have seen him except out of the corner of the eye, if you follow me.

"Even if he were alone, you wouldn't see him because you'd never look at him. You would subconsciously assume that whatever it was you were seeing out of the corner of your eye was a cabinet or a hatrack or an umbrella stand or a lamppost—whatever was most likely under the circumstances.

Your mind would explain him away as something that ought to be there, as a part of the normal background and therefore unnoticeable.

"But he wouldn't actually be invisible. You could see him, for instance, in a mirror or other reflecting surface simply because the spell wouldn't keep your eyes away from the mirror."